BIOLOGY SYLLABUS

1. Diversity of Living Organisms

(i) The Living World Three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanicalgardens, key. 

(ii) Biological Classification Five kingdom classification; s alient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.  

(iii)Plant Kingdom (a) Algae - characteristics (morphology, common name, major pigments, stored food, composition of cell wall, flagellar number and position of insertion, habitat, mode of sexual reproduction) and examples of Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae; Economic importance of algae – any five. (b) Bryophyta – three general characteristics, graphic outline of life cycle of Funaria with reference to alternation of generations. Economic importance of bryophytes. (c) Pteridophyta: three characteristics; Graphic outline of life cycle of a typical pteridophyte (fern). Definition of homospory and heterospory with relevant examples. Economic importance. (d) Gymnosperms: general characteristics and graphic outline of life cycle of a typical gymnosperm (Pinus). Economic importance. (e) Angiosperms – general characteristics and classification into monocots and dicots. (f) Comparison of life cycle patterns of different plant groups (haplontic, diplontic and haplo-diplontic).

(iv) Animal Kingdom Non-chordata - five distinguishing characters with two examples of Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda (Aschelminthes), Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Hemichordata.Chordata – sub-classification of Chordata with reference to notochord - sub phyla Urochordata, Cephalochordata. Vertebrata (classes – cyclostomata, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves and mammalia) – three distinguishing characters with two examples of each).

2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

(i) Morphology of Flowering Plants Morphology of flower. Structure of a typical flower, types of inflorescence (racemose and cymose).  

(ii) Anatomy of Flowering Plants (a) Plant Tissues: Internal structure of root, stem and leaf. Cellular diagrams of T.S. of roots and stem and V.S. of monocot and dicot leaves are required. (b) Secondary growth in dicot stem. Basic idea of how secondary growth takes place in dicot stems (with the help of outline diagrams) and formation of annual rings. Activity of the cambium and cork cambium, formation of secondary tissues, differences between heart wood and sap wood. Definition of bark.

(iii) Structural Organisation in Animals Cockroach Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) - a brief account only.

3. Cell: Structure and Function

(i) Cell - the Unit of Life Structure of eukaryotic cells; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall (including definition of plasmodesmata); cell organelles – ultrastructure and function; endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles), mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. 

(ii) Biomolecules Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes. Carbohydrates: general classification and functions of: monosaccharides (glucose, ribose and deoxyribose), disaccharides (maltose, lactose and sucrose), polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose, inulin, and chitin). Proteins: amino acids – (structure: glycine, alanine, serine); essential and nonessential amino acids; levels of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary); functions of proteins. Lipids: classification, structure and functions of fats and oils. Enzymes: general properties, nomenclature and classification of enzymes according to type of reactions, co-factors (prosthetic groups, coenzymes and metal ions. Factors affecting enzyme activity - temperature, pH, substrate concentration. Competitive inhibitors.

(iii) Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell cycle and meiosis. Definition of C-value, different stages of cell cycle (Go, G1, S, G2 and M). Different stages of meiosis with diagrams. Significance of meiosis. 

4. Plant Physiology

(i) Transport in Plants Plant-water relations, water potential, long distance transport of water - absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - transport of food - phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis.

(ii) Mineral Nutrition Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.

(iii) Photosynthesis in higher plants Photosynthesis: Definition; site of photosynthesis, photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemi-osmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

(iv) Respiration in Plants Cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

(v) Plant Growth and Development Seed germination; phases of plant growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and re-differentiation; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalization; photoperiodism.

5. Human Physiology

(i) Digestion and Absorption. Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders.

(ii) Breathing and exchange of gases. Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration; disorders related to respiration.

(iii)Body fluids and circulation. Human circulatory system - structure of human heart; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system.

(iv) Excretory products and their elimination. Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system - structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function, renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, role of erythropoietin; disorders of the excretory system - uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney.

(v) Locomotion and Movement Skeletal muscles - contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system. 

(vi) Neural Control and Coordination Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear. 

(vii) Chemical Co-ordination and Integration Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus, Grave’s disease, Addison's disease.

The ISC Class 11 curriculum will help you plan your overhaul strategy before the examination. For example, you will be able to allocate your time properly for each of the subjects keeping in mind the relevance of the chapters to the exam as well as your strength and weaknesses. 

The syllabus plays an important role in exam preparation. So, it’s important to know the syllabus right at the beginning of the academic session. Here, students can find the ISC Class 11 Chemistry.

Class 11 - Computer

1. Data Representation in Computers
2. Algorithms and Flowcharts
3. Programming Methodology
4. Getting Started
5. Functions
6. Looping Constructs
7. Computer Fundamentals
8. Software Concepts
9. Strings
10. Lists
11. Dictionaries
12. Tuples
13. Microprocessors and Memory Concepts

ISC Syllabus For Class 11 English: While the Class 11 annual exams in schools affiliated with the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ISC) are conducted by individual schools, the syllabus is determined by the ISC board. ISC-affiliated schools, from Classes 1 to 12, adhere to the curriculum prescribed by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). The ISC Syllabus for Class 11 English is based on the CISCE curriculum guidelines.

This course is designed based on the syllabus developed in accordance with the National Curriculum Framework (2005) and the National Education Policy (2020). It goes beyond traditional English language teaching, which typically involves reading books and solving exercise-based questions.

The new framework and education policy recognize that, at the secondary education level, English class should not be limited to reading poems and stories. Instead, it should serve as a platform for activities aimed at nurturing learners' imagination as a primary goal of language study. Additionally, it should equip students with the communicative skills needed for various language functions, both in speech and writing.

To achieve these objectives, Hunar India offers interactive video sessions, study materials, and exercises. These resources enable students to build greater confidence and proficiency in both oral and written communication. They also help students develop the ability and knowledge required for independent reflection and inquiry. Moreover, the course emphasizes the use of appropriate English for effective communication in various social settings.

In this English course, Hunar India introduces a comprehensive and resource-enriched curriculum. This curriculum includes a wider range of contemporary and authentic texts, as well as culturally appropriate literary materials. These resources play a pivotal role in enhancing the secondary education experience and fostering a deeper understanding of the English language and its applications.

काव्य मंजरी

1. साखी
2. बाल लीला भाग 1
3. बाल लीला भाग 2
4. एक फूल की चाह भाग 1
5. एक फूल की चाह भाग 2
6. आह धरती कितना देती है भाग 1
7. आह धरती कितना देती है भाग 2
8. नदी के द्वीप
9. तुलसीदास के पद 
10. जाग तुझको दूर जाना
11. उद्यमी नर
12. बादल को घिरते देखा है
13. अँधेरे का दीपक

गद्य संकलन

1. पुत्र प्रेम
2. गौरी
3. शरणागत
4. सती
5. आउटसाइडर
6. दासी
7. क्या निराश हुआ जाए
8. भक्तिन 
9. संस्कृति क्या है
10. मज़बूरी

आषाढ़ का एक दिन

1. आषाढ़ का एक दिन भाग 1
2. आषाढ़ का एक दिन भाग 2
3. आषाढ़ का एक दिन भाग 3
4. आषाढ़ का एक दिन भाग 4

सारा आकाश

1. सारा आकाश भाग 1
2. सारा आकाश भाग 2
3. सारा आकाश भाग 3

The various topics covered in the syllabus of 6th Class Hindi Grammar subject as prescribed by the NCERT is as follows:

ISC Syllabus for Class 11 Physics is a crucial study resource for studies. Students studying in class 11 of ISC board should know the entire syllabus of each and every subject before they start preparing for their examination. So, to help them, we have provided the ISC Class 11 Physics Syllabus for theory as well as practicals. Thorough knowledge of ISC Class 11 Physics Syllabus will also help in preparing a proper study schedule for the exam. 

1. Physical World and Measurement

Units and Measurements

Measurement: need for measurement; units of measurement; systems of units: fundamental and derived units in SI;

measurement of length, mass and time; significant figures.

Dimensional formulae of physical quantities and constants, dimensional analysis and its applications.

2. Kinematics

Motion in a Plane

Scalar and Vector quantities with examples. Position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of two vectors. Projectile motion and uniform circular motion.

3. Laws of Motion

General concept of force, inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse;

Newton’s third law of motion.

Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Friction: Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

4. Work, Power and Energy

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.

Potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); Conservative and non-conservative forces. Concept of collision: elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

5. Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

Idea of centre of mass: centre of mass of a two particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod.

Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, laws of conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparative study of linear and rotational motions.

Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.

6. Gravitation

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity (g) and its variation with altitude, latitude and depth.

Gravitational potential and gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite, Geo-stationary

satellites.

7. Properties of Bulk Matter

(i) Mechanical Properties of Solids:

Elastic behaviour of solids, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of

rigidity, Poisson’s ratio; elastic energy.

(ii) Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface

tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

8. Heat and Thermodynamics

(i) Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein’s displacement Law, Stefan’s law, and Greenhouse effect

(ii) Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), heat, work and internal

energy. First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes.

Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes, Heat engine and refrigerator.

9. Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

(i) Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions,

concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of

equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path,

Avogadro’s number.

10. Oscillations and Waves

(i) Oscillations

Periodic motion, time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions. Simple harmonic

motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring, restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M., Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum and derivation of expression for its time period.

(ii) Waves

Wave motion, Transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

Political science is the study of government, politics, and political behavior. In class 11, students are usually introduced to the basic concepts of political science such as power, authority, sovereignty, democracy, and citizenship. They learn about different forms of government such as democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and totalitarianism. They also study the different branches of government such as the executive, legislative, and judiciary, and their respective roles in governance.

In addition, class 11 students may also be introduced to international relations, where they learn about the foreign policies of different countries, international organizations, and the dynamics of global politics. The importance of political ideology, political parties, and elections may also be covered, as well as the role of media in shaping political discourse and public opinion.

Overall, political science in class 11 provides a foundational understanding of the political system and its workings, which is essential for students who wish to engage in civic and political life.

Sociology Syllabus - class 12

1. Origin and Development of Sociology and Anthropology.
2. Research Methodology
3. Basic Concepts
4. Social Structure
5. Social Problems
6. Indian Sociologists